Which condition is characterized by high blood sugar levels?

The condition characterized by high blood sugar levels is diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that occurs when the body is unable to produce enough insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps control blood glucose levels, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin that is produced. As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to elevated blood sugar levels, which can cause a variety of symptoms and long-term health complications if not managed properly.

The other conditions listed, while serious in their own right, do not directly relate to blood sugar levels. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, osteoporosis affects bone density, and anemia relates to a deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells. These conditions have distinct pathophysiologies and symptoms that differ significantly from those of diabetes.